Place the chopped chocolate in a medium heat-safe bowl.
In a small saucepan over medium-low heat, add the heavy cream, butter, and sugar. Whisk until the mixture is hot and the sugar is dissolved, but do not let it boil.
Pour the hot cream mixture over the chocolate, cover the bowl, and let it sit undisturbed for 10 minutes.
Uncover and whisk from the center outward until completely smooth and glossy. Let it cool slightly so it’s warm but not hot.
Whisk in the egg yolks until fully combined.
Add the espresso powder, vanilla extract, and a tiny pinch of salt, then whisk again until smooth.
In a separate bowl, whip the chilled heavy cream with a hand mixer or whisk until soft peaks form.
Add the whipped cream to the chocolate mixture in batches, gently folding after each addition until the mousse is light and airy.
Cover the mousse, trasnfer to the fridge, and set aside.